Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels because the body does not produce enough insulin or deficiency of insulin.


Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans which located in the pancreas, controls the amount of sugar in the blood and it is needed to turn sugar and to process carbohydrates, fat, and protein into energy. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level.

MESOTHELIOMA LAWYER

Are you diagnosed as Mesothelioma or suffer due to Asbestos exposure? Ok, now is your time to contact or asbestos lawyer to help you to get more case and also to get compensation from your company.


Mesothelioma Lawyers will build a case against the party that caused the exposure, where they were working through the court's route. select and look for a or individual that devoted to your needs as a client, the lawyer should be a qualified and experienced in attorney cases. Mesothelioma lawyer could make a big different to the success of mesothelioma lawsuit's settlement for the injury.

TREATMENT OF MESOTHELIOMA

Treatment of Mesothelioma are depends on many factors such as, cancer's location, how far the cancer has spread, medical history of the patient, age, description of cancer cell under the microscope and also according to the patient’s desires.


Generally, The divided into two categories; Conventional therapies {surgery, radiation and chemotherapy) and Experimental therapies (drug Alimta, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)}. Treatment of mesothelioma often used two or more combination therapy.

TEST DIAGNOSIS FOR MESOTHELIOMA

Malignant mesothelioma is a cancerous tumor that covers most of the body’s internal organs including the lungs (called pleura mesothelioma), heart (called pericardium mesothelioma) and abdominal organs. The Doctor are often difficult to diagnose and decide whether it is mesothelioma cancer or others cancer desease because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions (not unique to it) and the disease's relative rarity.

mesothelioma diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. To support and see the more accurate about mesothelioma suspect, A complete physical examination may be performed, CT (or CAT) scan or an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests may also be useful.


The patient who suspected from imaging tests may show thick, nodular masses on the pleural surface. Other ways a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in will perform a needle biopsy to collect a sample of tissue, 40% needle biopsy is accurate. Mesothelioma with an open biopsy's method is the most accurate diagnostic because a larger tissue sample can be obtained.

If the cancer is in the chest (suspected of pleura mesothelioma), To make an accurate the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy involves the insertion of an endoscope, a narrow-diameter tube with a viewing mirror or camera attachment, through a very small incision (cut) in the chest wall.

TYPE OF MESOTHELIOMA

Mesothelioma cancer or also called asbestos cancer affects the serous membranes that surround including the lungs (called pleural mesothelioma), heart (called pericardium mesothelioma) and abdominal (called peritoneal mesothelioma) organs.

Pleural Mesothelioma

The most common of mesothelioma cancer is pleural mesothelioma. The Pleural mesothelioma represents about 75% of all mesotheliomas, Although the most common type of cancer mesothelioma, the disease is still somewhat of a rarity. In this case, the cancel cell affects the lungs and the protective lining and cavity of the lungs. The disease can grow quickly and enlarge the pleural space, causing it to fill with fluid. Pleural mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos.

The symptoms of pleural mesothelioma result from pleural effusion, commonly the patients are having chronic chest pain. Sufferers of pleural mesothelioma may also experience some symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, difficulty in swallowing, shortness of breath, persistent coughing, weight loss, fever, coughing up of blood, and rasping.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

is the second most common type of cancer mesothelioma, In this case the cancer cell affects the stomach and abdomen. start in the abdominal area and spread to other parts of the body, but the tumours that press against the wall of the abdomen and then result some symptom such as abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, breathing problems, chest pain, bowel obstruction, anaemia, fever, and blood clotting abnormalities.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is most often caused by the ingestion of carcinogenic asbestos fibers. When asbestos is ingested, minute fibers enter the stomach and penetrate the stomach lining.

Pericardial Mesothelioma

The rarest is that which affects the linings of the heart cavity, called the pericardium. Patient with pericardial mesothelioma often complain of chest pain, shortness of breath, trouble breathing, persistent coughing, and palpitations.

SIGN AND SYMPTOM MESOTHELIOMA

Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma usually do not appear until 30+ years after exposure to asbestos, because the early symptoms of mesothelioma or asbestos cancer, resemble the symptoms seen in a great many other conditions and disorders, this may contribute to misdiagnosing and become an accurate diagnostic and leading to the medical mistake or medical error also called medical negligence.

There are three type of mesothelioma; pleural mesothelioma, pericardium mesothelioma and peritoneal mesothelioma. Signs and symptoms mesothelioma cancer are mentioned in various sources for mesothelioma; No early symptoms, Breathlessness on exercise, Chest pain, Persistent cough, Fever, Bronchitis, Abdominal fluid retention, weight loss and cachexia, abdominal swelling.


Those people who has history of asbestos exposure better for them to seek qualified medical treatment immediately after experiencing the symptoms mentioned above at least they will get information about mesothelioma disease.

MESOTHELIOMA - ASBESTOS CANCER

What is Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma (commonly mispelled; mesothilioma) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the Mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the body’s internal organs including the lungs (called pleura mesothelioma), heart (called pericardium mesothelioma) and abdominal called organs. In this disease, malignant cells develop in the mesothelium.

Mesothelioma is serious cancer disease caused by exposure to asbestos materials, because of this reason the mesothelioma also known as Asbestos cancer. Process of mesothelioma comes from inhaling the particles of dust as the asbestos degrades, eating away at the lining of your lungs and developing into a deadly cancer.


In fact, the symptoms may not even appear until 30 to 50 years after being exposed to asbestos. Most common typical are chest pain and shortness of breath. The People who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or have been exposed to asbestos dust and fibre in other ways, such as by washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos, or by home renovation using asbestos cement products.

Those some one who diagnosed mesothelioma or , they need a on a full range of topics about mesothelioma, including treatment, support,

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the uncontrolled cells reproduce rapidly grow into normal lung tissue bacause malignant transformation and expansion of lung tissue.

Lung cancer is a killer disease, most lethal of all cancers worldwide, responsible for 1.2 million deaths annually. Estimated new cases and deaths from lung cancer in the United States (cancer.gov2007 ) : new case = 213,380 & Deaths = 160,390 in Europa (annonc.oxfordjournals.org 2004) : New case = 2.886.800 & Deaths = 1.711.000. Lung Cancer Most common cause by smoking (87%), Exposure to other carcinogens such as asbestos and radon gas.


Signs and symptoms of lung cancer are varied dependent upon where and how the case involvement with the tumor. The most common symptoms for lung cancer are :

Cough, this is important symptom of lung cancer

Shortness of breath

Hemoptysis (spitting blood)

Pneumonia, because obstruction of the airways called "Post obstructive pneumonia"

Chest pain, because infiltrate of the chest wall in lung cancer case.

lung cancer disease are depends upon a variety of factors, type and stage of Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and suggest comfort or supportive care only if there is the potential side effects of treatment (medicine for pain killer, Oxygen for difficulty breathing) do not treating the cancer it self.

Important of Mesothelioma Information

Mesothelioma Information.
Mesothelioma is a kind of cancer that is caused by exposure to asbestos matrials, poor of Mesothelioma information and less Knowledge are support to increasing this case. In this case, malignant cells develop in the mesothelium, a protective lining that covers most of the body's internal organs such as pleura, peritoneum and pericardium.

People who worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or have been exposed to asbestos dust and fibre it most potential to get Mesothelioma. So, they need to get more information about kind of this disease.

Patients are diagnosed with mesothelioma, very important for them to understand the treatment options. The doctor or oncologist will provide them with on the treatments that are available now.

Mesothelioma Information really need to be, Many of the manufacturers of asbestos insulation products knew for decades that asbestos was hazardous, yet made a business decision not to warn people of those hazards. They may have a right of recovery against those manufacturers, which can help defray the costs of treatment and provide compensation for your pain and suffering.

The victim of, for the legal implications they can to help them and learn more information about mesothelioma case and also to get compensation money from the company where they were working through the court's route.

Breast Cancer

Well, now I will let you know about breast cancer. What is normal for you? normal breast are different each others woman. Most women say their breasts feel lumpy or uneven. The fat (subcutaneous adipose tissue) that covers the lobes gives the breast its size and shape. The way your breasts look and feel can be affected by getting your period, having children, losing or gaining weight, and taking certain medications. Breasts also tend to change as you age.

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells or breast tissue, which can occur in both women and men. Worldwide, is the fifth most common cause of cancer death (after lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer).

Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal cancer is Cancer (malignant) cells that forms in the tissues of the vagina (birth canal), it's a rare type of cancer. The vagina connects the cervix (the opening of the womb or uterus) and the vulva (the folds of skin around the opening to the vagina).

Vaginal cancer is more common in women 60 and older, young women also more likely to get it if they have a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection or if their mother took diethylstilbestrol (DES) when she was pregnant. There are several types of vaginal cancer : squamous cell cancer (squamous carcinoma), adenocarcinoma, malignant melanomas, and sarcomas.


Most common type of vaginal cancer are :
- Squamous cell cancer. In these case, cancer cell begin on the epithelial lining of the vagina. Mostly it found in the women with range of 60 and 80 years old, and accounts for 85-90 percent of all vaginal cancers.

These kinds of cancers tend to occur in the upper area of the vagina near the cervix. Vaginal squamous cell carcinomas do not appear suddenly, they develop over a period of many years from precancerous changes called vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (abbreviated as VAIN).

- Adenocarcinoma. In these case, vaginal cancer usually occurs in young women who were exposed to Diethhystilbestrol while they were in their mother's womb. Especially between 1945 and 1970, Doctor was prescribed DES (diethylstilbestrol) to the pregnant women as a hormonal drug to keep them from miscarrying.

Symptoms of Vaginal Cancer are :
Bleeding or discharge not related to menstrual periods, Difficult or painful urination, Pain during intercourse, Pain in the pelvic area, Constipation, A mass that can be felt.

There are some of tests that used to diagnose vaginal cancer, The most often used tests are:
1. Pelvic examination of the uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder and rectum, checking for any abnormalities such as tumors, lumps, or masses (i.e., may include colposcopy).

2. Pap test (also called Pap smear). The doctor gently scrapes the outside of the cervix and vagina and takes sample cells for testing.

3. Colposcopy (also called a colposcope). The doctor inserts an instrument with binocular magnifying lenses into the vagina and checks the vaginal walls and cervix.

4. Biopsy. This is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed from the vagina for examination under a microscope; to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present. The diagnosis of cancer is confirmed only by a biopsy.

Treatment for vanigal cancer most common are Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Prostate Cancer

The most common type of cancer in men is Prostate Cancer. Prostate cancer is unsurprisingly, cancer that begins in the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system). occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control and may spread or metastasis from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes.


The most often discovered of prostate cancer is by physical examination or by screening blood tests, such as the PSA (prostate specific antigen) test. If there is suspect of prostate cancer, the next procedur is removing a piece of the prostate (biopsy) and examining it under a microscope. Others examination such as X-rays and bone scans, may be performed to determine whether prostate cancer has spread.

Sign and Symptom of Prostate Cancer : Prostate cancer has symptom such as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), so the patients may increase frequent need to urinate (especially at night), difficulty starting to pee, painful urination, there is blood in the urine. The Prostate cancer may also make problems for the sexual function, such as difficulty achieving erection or painful ejaculation. Some additional symptoms from prostate cancer if already spread to the other part of body are bone pain, it's often in the vertebrae, pelvis or ribs, from cancer which has spread to these bones. Prostate cancer which spread to the spine can also compress the spinal cord, these can causing leg weakness and urinary and fecal incontinence. Prostate Cancer Treatment : 1. Active Monitoring (sometimes called watchful waiting). To the patient with but still in early stage, the Doctor will take an action Watchful waiting to observation and regular monitoring without invasive treatment. 2. External Beam Radiotherapy. Prostate cancer treatment by radiation is used to kill cancer cells. 3. Surgery. A surgical procedure to remove the prostate called prostatectomy, this is a common treatment either for early stage prostate cancer, or for cancer which has failed to respond to radiation therapy. 4. Cryosurgery. This is another method for treating prostate cancer, less invasive than radical prostatectomy. This procedure by inserting a metal rods through the skin of the perineum into the prostate. 5. Hormonal Therapy. Hormone therapy will be the key treatment if you have been diagnosed with an advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. If you have had previous treatment by surgery or radiotherapy and the cancer has recurred your doctors may recommend hormone therapy. 6. Other treatment for patient with is High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), this is very rare but may become more so in future.

Brain Cancer Disease

The words Brain Cancer are enough to strike fear into the heart of anyone. In the United States, about 100000 cases of secondary brain cancer are diagnosed each year, At least 18000 new cases of brain cancer are diagnosed each year . The cause(s) of brain cancer are unknown at present, studies have implicated occupational, environmental, viral, and genetic factors. Compared to other cancers, the rates for leukaemia and brain cancer are relatively low in the Canadian population.

Many of research taken as action to investigate whether the risks of mortality from brain cancer are related to occupational exposure to magnetic fields. Allegations that handheld cellular phone use can cause brain cancer are based on the close proximity of the antenna (from receiver to the user's head), according to the JAMA researchers. Another news is fears that mobile phones may increase the risk of brain cancer are unfounded, according to American researchers. Elevated risks of brain cancer are suspected to be due to maternal smoking (Filippini et al 1994). The main think is we should remember that the chemicals from fertilizers are tracked into the home, where the rates of Child hook , asthma, and brain cancer are higher.

Types of Brain Cancer

There are two different forms of brain cancer which detected in the human beings, primary brain cancer and secondary secondary brain cancer. The types of primary brain cancer are classified according to the cells which they originate from. Most secondary brain cancer are inoperable. About 15 to 25 percent of all primary brain cancer are meningiomas. Both of brain tumors and brain cancer are an "underground" illness. Brain tumor is a group of benign or malignant disease occurs in the brain. The most aggressive forms of brain cancer are called high grade, lesser degrees of aggressiveness are referred to as low grade.

Symptoms of Brain Cancer

The common symptoms of brain cancer are headache, seizure and change in mental state, You can say that those are the big three. Beyond the physical effects of the disease, brain cancer brings. Symptoms of brain cancer are caused by damage to vital tissue and by pressure on the brain as the tumar grows within the limited space in the skull. During the course of the disease, many patients with advanced brain cancer may experience some level of pain. brian cancer, colon cancer lund cancer and brain cancer are often misdiagnosed by family physicians or internists.

Treatment of Brain Cancer

Research and treatment for brain cancer are far from adequate today. The present treatments for brain cancer are not curative. The most common treatments for brain cancer are radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Cancer chemotherapeutics for treatment of brain cancer are limited. Current treatment options for primary brain cancer are limited and often present challenges in delivering the drug to its target. Currently, only detachment of the retina and certain types of brain cancer are treated with laser beams.

Gastric Cancer Disease

Gastric cancer is a malignant disease occurs in the stomach (an organ of the digestive system) which becomes a major cause of cancer death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The incidence of this form of gastric cancer is extremely high in Japan, Chile, and Iceland where the most frequent cancer are happened in men.

Gastric cancer is commonly known to be not-angiogenic, but advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is very aggressive and easy to metastasize. The risk of gastric cancer is also increased in Down syndrome. Risk of gastric cancer is not increased after partial gastrectomy. The relationship between atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer is explored. Another opinion, The association of cigarette smoking with gastric cancer is equivocal. Pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disease where the stomach does not produce stomach acid, has also been linked to gastric cancer.

Type of Gastric Cancer

There are two major variants of gastric cancer, intestinal type and a diffuse type. One type of gastric cancer is associated with infection by the Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), Helicobacter pylori associated with a high prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease and a low prevalence of gastric cancer in a developing nation. Gastric cancer is classified by the tissue type and location in the stomach.

Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a specific type of stomach cancer that tends to affect much of the stomach rather than staying in one area of the stomach, These is the most deadly and is frequently accompanied by peritoneal dissemination and metastasis. In the diffuse type of gastric cancer, glandular structure is often not present and cells are scattered as either solitary cells or small clusters of cells.

On the era 1940, in United State the intestinal type cancer is the most common. Rigth now, Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of gastric cancer [American Cancer Society, 2005; Rustgi, 2004]. Intestinal type was more frequent in male, This is type of gastric cancer has also been related to diet.

Sign and Symptom of Gastric Cancer

The initial diagnosis of gastric cancer is often delayed because up to 80% of patients do not show symptoms during early stages of the disease. Anyhow, In the early stages of gastric cancer, may the patients has complaint of the following symptoms :

- Indigestion and stomach discomfort.
- A bloated feeling after eating.
- Mild nausea.
- Loss of appetite.
- Heartburn.

For the advanced stages of gastric cancer, the following symptoms may occur :

- Blood in the stool.
- Vomiting.
- Weight loss (unexplained).
- Stomach pain.
- Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin).
- Ascites (build-up of fluid in the abdomen).
- Difficulty swallowing.

Diagnostic of Gastric Cancer

Certain laboratory tests can be helpful in figuring out how serious (advanced) the gastric cancer is. Advanced gastric cancer is generally refractory to chemotherapy, which leads to poor prognosis. The best test that can be done to evaluate for gastric cancer is an endoscopic examination of the stomach. Physical examination also an essential to rule out distant spread of disease.

When the diagnosis of gastric cancer is established, it is most often advanced. according to many reasearch, The prognosis for gastric cancer is poor. When gastric cancer is found early, there is a better chance of recovery. Unfortunately, many cases are not diagnosed until late stages of disease, which underscores the importance of the palliative treatment of gastric cancer.

Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is Currently, the only known curative therapy for nonmetastatic gastric cancer is a gastrectomy performed by experienced surgeons. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also be used to treat and relieve symptoms of the disease. If stomach cancer or gastric cancer is caught at an early stage, and the entire tumor is removed, a complete recovery is possible. For the patient who post surgery of gastric cancer, The dokter will recommended them to perform repeated endoscopic examination at least first 6 months after eradication therapy. Postoperative chemoradiation therapy may be considered for patients with stage III gastric cancer.

The role of adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer has been controversial given the lack of significant survival benefit in many randomized studies so far. Thus novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy promise to become the alternative choice of . In Europe, another drug that is being studied in the phase 3 setting is irinotecan in advanced gastric cancer.